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UNITE l STTES N BENJAMIN J. TAYMAN, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

MACHINE FOR TURNING AND POLISI-IING.

To all whom 'if may concern:

Be it known that I, BENJAMIN J. TAY MAN, of the city and county of Philadelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Machinery for Turning and Polishing Wood and other Materials; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of my said invention, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, which forms part of this specification, and in which- Figure 1 represents a side elevation of my cutting and polishing machine, Fig. 2 is a View in perspective of one of the cutters, Fig. 3 is a horizontal section of the machine at the line a: of Fig. 1 and Fig. 4L is a vertical section of the machine at the line :lj: il: of Fig. l.

The first part of my invention consists of a revolving tubular saw or serrated tool of peculiar construction for reducing oblong rough sticks to cylindrical rods by turning off the surplus wood in such manner as to leave a smooth straight core of the required diameter.

The second part of my invention consists of a peculiar arrangement of polishing belts which encircle the cylinder and act equally upon every part of its periphery, and therefore do not tend to flatten it like polishing belts which move tangentially to the surface upon which they are acting.

The third part of my invention relates to the method of holding the rod from turning under the action of the cutter, and it consists in encircling it by two or more polishing belts moving inopposite directions, and with equal forces which being opposite neutralize one another, and hold the rod still and with afirm grip.

Y The machine represented in the accompanying drawing is adapted to the formation of cylindrical articles such for example as penholders, pencil stocks, and curtain rods, from irregular oblong pieces of wood, and to the polishing of their cylindrical surface. It consists mainly of two parts-viz that which shapes the articles to a cylindrical form and that which effects the polishing of their cylindrical surface and these two parts of the machine act in this instance in conjunction so that a polished cylindrical article is produced from a rough stick by a single passage through the machine.

'of the mandrel.

The frame by which the several parts of the machine are supported and maintained in their proper relative positions is composed of a base A and three upright standards B, B', I, which are secured to the base and are also connected with each other by cross ties K, K. Two of these standards B, B, are higher than the third, I, and are fitted at their upper extremities with bearings in which a driving shaft is supported. These standards are also fitted near the base with bearings which support the journals of a hollow mandrel, F, to the outer extremity of which the cutter, H, is secured. The hollow mandrel, F, and the driving shaft above are parallel with each other and are fitted with pulleys to which a driving belt, L, is applied.

The polishing apparatus is contained between one of the larger standards, B, and

the shorter one, I; it consists mainly of twor belts, O, O, Fig. 4 whose inner surfaces are coated in a manner similar to that of sand paper, with a composition of glass, emery, sand, or other polishing material; one of these belts depends from a pulley secured to the driving shaft, and is of suficient length to pass around the lower side of a cylindrical rod issuing from the hollow mandrel and passing through a guide aperture made `through the standard I in the line of the axis The other polishing belt, O, extends upward from a pulley, J, secured to a countershaft beneath, and is of suflicient length to pass around t-he upper side of the rod issuing from the mandrel. The upper belt, O, is driven by the driving shaft in the same direction as the belt, L, which drives the hollowy mandrel, and therefore tends to turn the article upon which it is acting in the same direction as the hollow mandrel. The lower polishing belt, O, is driven by the countershaft, which in turn is driven from the driving shaft by means of a cross belt M encircling pulleys secured to the respective shafts, and consequently this lower polishing belt is driven in a direction the reverse of that in which the upper belt is moving, and thus counteracts its tendency to turn the article issuing fromvthe hollow mandrel which both belts encircle and by thus tending to turn it in opposite directions hold it steadily and with a firm grip either in one position or turning so slowly as not materially to affect the action of the cut-ter.

The exterior of the tubular cutter may be of any convenient or suitable form, but its interior must have the shape of two frustra of cones or conoids united at their smaller ends. One end of the tube is cut into a series of narrow spiral teeth, each of which has a cutting edge coincident with the conical `inner surface of the tube and extending to the line where the conical surfaces of the opposite ends of the tube meet; the series of cutting teeth thus shaped and arranged operate upon the wood with a drawing cut, andform a kind of bell mouth that will receive and reduce a rough stick considerably larger in diameter than the rod to be produced. That portion of the tube behind the teeth will give suflicient support to the rod to prevent any greatamount of vibration under the action of the teeth and at the same time inv consequence of its conical shape, it will allow the fine chips and dust to escape freely, so that there will .be no danger of the rod binding in it.

lhen this machine is to be used a cylindrical rod of wood of the size of the rods about to made, should be inserted through the eye or guide aperture in the short standard outside of the belts, through the bights of the two polishing belts O, O, and into the hinder extremityv of the hollow mandrel; motion is then imparted to the driving shaft, through the intervention of a belt, which ,runs upon a fast pulley, P, secured thereto,

or in some other convenient manner by means of which the polishing belts and the cutter are respectively caused to move in the directions of the arrows, e, e, e. The blanks or rough sticks of which the cylindrical articles are to be formed and which may be prepared previously by sawing or otherwise, are introduced endwise and one at a time into the toothed extremity of the mandrel; as the first one enters the cutter, the teeth in their revolution remove the surplus material and reduce it to a cylindrical form. As fast as this operation is effected the blank is shoved onward through the mandrel; in this movement its inner end strikes the extremity of the article previously inserted between the belts, and ejecting it from the machine, follows it through the bights of the polishing belts which smooth and polish its cylindrical surface, pushing the piece before it through the eye whence it is discharged. As fast as the rear end of one piece nears the edges of the cutter, the front end of the succeeding blank is applied to it to force it onward through the machine and to be in turn acted upon by the cutter and the polishing belts.` As the space within the cutter back of the teeth is conical, and is smaller at the base of the cutting teeth than at any other part, there is no tendency in the tool to bind upon any considerable portion of the cylindrical survbetween them.

face of the article, and consequently the friction caused by such rubbing or binding is very inconsiderable and the great amount of power that would be consumed in overcoming such friction, if large surfaces were in contact, in a machine running at the very high velocity at which this must run to make smooth work, is saved. Ample space is also given between the cutters for the escape of the shavings which therefore do not tend to clog the machine or heat the cutters and draw their temper. From these causes the cutter has but little tendency to cause the material upon which it is acting to turn with it, except what results from the removal of the shaving, and this if not wholly is in great part Acounteracted by the polishing belts as soon as the rod begins to pass From these peculiarities of the machine the employment of grooved rolls or other analogous devices to keep the sticks from turning while being fed may be dispensed with. The movement of the two polishing belts in opposite directions is also f what I claim therein as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent isl. The arrangement of a polishing beltk for polishing circular surfaces in such manner that a bight of 1t shall pass around the article to be polished and move concentrlcally` or nearly so to the surface thereof, so

as to finish the same rapidly and without the danger of making flat places in its periphery which is always so imminent when a round article is polished by bringing itin contact with a polishing surface `moving in BENJ. J. TAYMAN.

lVitnesses P. H. VVATsoN, JOHN L. SMITH, 

